Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen) is used for various medicinal purposes due to its active compound,

 methyl salicylate. Here's a compact summary of its main uses:

1. Pain Relief: Used topically for muscle aches, joint pain, and rheumatism.

2. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation, particularly in arthritis and gout.

3. Antiseptic: Used for cleaning minor wounds and preventing infection.

4. Respiratory Health: Helps with congestion and coughs through steam inhalation.

5. Digestive Aid: Relieves gas, bloating, and indigestion.

6. Muscle & Joint Treatment: Common in balms for sore muscles and stiff joints.

7. Headache Relief: Provides relief from headaches when applied topically.

8. Anti-spasmodic: Helps reduce muscle spasms and cramps.

ARNICA MONTANA

1. Pain Relief: For muscle aches, joint pain, and soreness.

2. Bruising & Swelling: Reduces bruises and inflammation after injury or surgery.

3. Injury Recovery: Aids healing from sprains, strains, and trauma.

4. Arthritis Relief: Soothes stiffness and discomfort in joints.

5. Post-Surgery Support: Speeds recovery and eases pain.

CANTHARIS 

Cantharis (Spanish fly) has historically been used in pain oils for its irritant properties. When applied topically in very diluted forms, it can:

• Increase blood flow to the area, providing temporary relief for muscle or joint pain.

• Create a burning sensation that may help mask pain through stimulation.